Pharmacology ER20-21T Academic Profile
Course: D.Pharm 2nd Year (Part II)
Subject Code: ER20-21T (Theory) / ER20-21P (Practical)
Core Concept: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Therapeutics
Preparing for your diploma final exams and searching for D Pharm 2nd year Pharmacology notes PDF download and clear drug classification flowcharts? Pharmacology (ER20-21T) is widely considered the crown jewel of pharmacy education, unlocking the physiological mechanisms, receptor actions, clinical indications, toxicities, and drug-drug interactions of medicinal therapeutics.
Read Pharmacology (ER20-21T) Notes Online
Unit-wise drug classification tables, receptor charts, and solved university questions on Pharmacist365.
1. Comprehensive PCI Syllabus Overview
- Unit 1: General Pharmacology: Definitions of drug, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion - ADME), routes of drug administration (oral, parenteral, sublingual, topical with pros and cons), pharmacodynamics (receptors, agonists, antagonists, therapeutic index, adverse drug reactions - ADRs).
- Unit 2: Drugs Acting on the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Cholinergic drugs, anticholinergics (Atropine), adrenergic agonists (Adrenaline, Noradrenaline), beta-blockers (Propranolol, Atenolol), alpha-blockers, and myasthenia gravis treatment.
- Unit 3: Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System (CNS): Sedatives and hypnotics, anti-epileptic drugs, antiparkinsonian drugs (Levodopa, Carbidopa), opioid analgesics (Morphine), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs like Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Paracetamol), and local/general anaesthetics.
- Unit 4: Cardiovascular Drugs: Anti-hypertensives, anti-anginal drugs, congestive heart failure drugs (Digoxin), anti-arrhythmic agents, and hypolipidemic drugs (Statins).
- Unit 5: Respiratory & Gastrointestinal Pharmacology: Bronchodilators (Salbutamol), anti-asthmatic drugs, expectorants, antitussives. Anti-ulcer drugs (Proton Pump Inhibitors like Omeprazole, Pantoprazole; H2-antagonists like Ranitidine), anti-diarrheal, and laxatives.
- Unit 6: Chemotherapy & Antimicrobial Agents: General principles of chemotherapy, Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Tetracyclines, Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin), Anti-TB drugs, Anti-fungals, Anti-virals, and Anti-cancer antineoplastics.
2. High-Scoring University Exam Questions
Short Notes & Definitions (2 & 5 Marks)
- Define First-Pass Metabolism and Bioavailability.
- Mechanism of action and adverse effects of Morphine.
- Why is Levodopa combined with Carbidopa in Parkinson's disease?
- Classification and clinical uses of NSAIDs.
- Mechanism of action of Omeprazole in peptic ulcer.
Descriptive Long Essays (10 Marks)
- Classify Anti-hypertensive agents with examples. Discuss the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of ACE inhibitors and Beta-blockers.
- Classify Adrenergic drugs. Describe the pharmacological actions of Adrenaline on the heart, blood vessels, and bronchial smooth muscles.
- Explain the classification, mechanism of action, resistance, and adverse effects of Penicillins.
3. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the difference between Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics?
Pharmacokinetics refers to what the body does to the drug (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion - ADME), whereas Pharmacodynamics refers to what the drug does to the body (mechanism of action, biochemical and physiological effects).
Which book is best for D.Pharm 2nd year Pharmacology?
Essentials of Medical Pharmacology by K.D. Tripathi and Rang & Dale's Pharmacology are the gold standards for pharmacy students in India.